Journal Officiel de la Société de Radiologie d’ Afrique Noire Francophone / Official Journal of the Radiological Society of Francophone Africa

paisseur de la clarte nucale a 11-14 semaines de grossesse et suivi des groupes a risque au Cameroun

Guegang GE, Moifo B, Sandjong TID, Kemfang NJD, Moutoum KG, Nko'o AS, Gonsu FJ

Résumé


Objectifs: D©terminer la pr©valence des clart©s nucales. Sp©cifiquement on a d©termin© le nombre de sujets   risque ©lev© dâaneuplo¯die, ©valu©  les clart©s nucales anormales, le dosage des marqueurs s©riques maternels du deuxi¨me trimestre et le devenir des f?tus. 

Mat©riel et M©thodes: Etude de cohorte incluant 332 femmes camerounaises ayant b©n©fici© d'une ©chographie obst©tricale entre 11 et 14 SA dans quatre h´pitaux de Yaound©, du 1er janvier au 31 d©cembre 2012. Les mesures ont ©t© effectu©es selon les recommandations de la FMD. Le dosage des marqueurs s©riques maternels, une ©chographie morphologique ont ©t© r©alis©s au 2e trimestre en cas dâhyperclart© nucale ; les f?tus   la naissance ont ©t© examin©s par un p©diatre.

R©sultats: 340 f?tus  examin©s ont eu une m©diane des clart©s nucales   1,5 mm (extrªmes: 0- 9,7 mm). Les clart©s nucales anormales (⥠3 mm) ont repr©sent© 1,5% (5/340) et pr©dominantes dans la tranche d'¢ge maternel de plus de 36 ans. Dans 8,8% (30/340) des cas, la clart© nucale a ©t© absente parmi lesquels 46,7% (14/30) avant 13 SA. Les grossesses   clart©s nucales les plus ©paisses ont eu une issue d©favorable, avec marqueurs s©riques maternels positifs dans un cas.

Conclusion: La pr©valence des clart©s nucales anormales est de 1,5% dans notre milieu : Elle est significativement plus ©lev©e dans la tranche d'¢ge maternel de plus de 36 ans. Il existerait un effacement pr©coce de la clart© nucale  chez certains f?tus camerounais. L'issue de grossesse est d©favorable quand elle d©passe 3,5 mm.    

 

Mots cl©s: Clart© nucale. Echographie. Race noire


SUMMARY

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of nuchal translucency and to assess  abnormal nuchal translucency dosage of markers in maternal serum in the second trimester and foetal outcome.       

Methodology: This cohort study included 332 Cameroonian women who underwent obstetric ultrasonography between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation in four hospitals in Cameroon, from the 01th of January to the 31th of December 2012. The measurement of nuchal translucency was done following the recommendations of FMD. In case of abnormal NT, we performed 2nd-trimester maternal serum biochemistry, 2nd-trimester morphological ultrasonography and clinical examination of live born infants by a pediatrician.

Results: 340 fetuses were examined with a median NT of 1.5 mm (range: 0- 9.7 mm). Abnormal NT (⥠3 mm) consisted 1.5% (5/340) of cases and were predominant in pregnancies with maternal age over 36 years. In 8.8% (30/340) of cases, NT was absent, including 46.7% (14/30) before 13 weeks of gestation. Pregnancies with the thickest nuchal translucencies had unfavorable outcome, with positive maternal serum markers in one case.                                                                             

Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal nuchal translucencies in our milieu is 1.5% and is significantly higher in pregnancies with maternal age over 36 years. Early disappearance of nuchal translucency (before 13 weeks of gestation) was observed in some Cameroonian fetuses. Unfavorable pregnancy outcome was noted with nuchal translucency value greater than 3.5 mm.

Key words: Nuchal translucency. Ultrasonography.Negro population


Mots-clés



Texte intégral :

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